How special hazards fire suppression and traditional sprinkler systems differ is a common question for building owners, facility managers, and contractors working in commercial spaces. 

While both systems are designed to protect property and lives during a fire, they function in very different ways and are suited for different types of environments.

In this guide, we’ll explain how each system works, where they’re typically used, and how to determine which one (or combination of both) is right for your facility.

What Is a Traditional Fire Sprinkler System?

Traditional fire sprinkler systems are water-based systems that activate when heat from a fire reaches a certain temperature. Each sprinkler head responds individually, meaning only the heads closest to the fire discharge water.

These systems are highly effective in controlling or suppressing fires in general commercial spaces, and most building and fire codes require them. According to NFPA 13, the primary sprinkler system types used are wet pipe, dry pipe, pre-action, and deluge systems, which are selected based on the facility’s layout, occupancy, and hazards.

Benefits of traditional sprinkler systems:

• Cost-effective for large or open spaces
• Widely accepted by code enforcement and insurers
• Simple operation and reliable response
• Effective for most standard commercial and industrial applications

Best used in: Offices, schools, warehouses, retail stores, hotels, and multifamily buildings

What Is a Special Hazard Fire Suppression System?

Special hazard fire suppression systems are used in environments where water would cause unacceptable damage or is ineffective in extinguishing the type of fire likely to occur. These systems use non-water suppression agents such as clean agents (e.g., FM-200, Novec 1230), CO₂, or dry chemicals.

As defined by NFPA 2001, clean agent systems are required to suppress fire without leaving residue, damaging sensitive equipment, or creating a cleanup burden. These systems also often activate more quickly than traditional sprinklers because they use sensors to detect both smoke and heat.

Benefits of special hazard fire suppression:

• Safe for electronics and high-value assets
• Non-damaging and residue-free
• Fast response and total system discharge
• Designed for spaces where downtime must be minimized

Best used in: Server rooms, data centers, control rooms, museums, manufacturing areas, and flammable storage environments

How Special Hazards Fire Suppression and Traditional Sprinkler Systems Differ

While both systems provide fire protection, how special hazards fire suppression and traditional sprinkler systems differ comes down to the following factors:

• Suppression Method: Traditional systems use water, while special hazard systems rely on gas, clean agents, or chemicals.
• Activation Speed: Sprinklers require a significant amount of heat to activate individual heads. Special hazard systems often detect smoke and heat for earlier response.
• Precision: Suppression systems typically engage the entire area or room at once, while sprinkler heads activate locally.
• Asset Safety: Sprinklers can cause water damage to electronics, documents, and delicate materials. Special hazard systems avoid this risk.
• Application: Sprinklers are well-suited for use in open or general-purpose spaces. Special hazard systems are required for areas with critical infrastructure or specialty risks.

Choosing the wrong system can mean overpaying for protection—or worse, leaving valuable assets vulnerable.

Can You Use Both Systems in One Facility?

Yes, and many businesses do. DynaFire frequently designs hybrid fire protection systems that use sprinklers in general areas and suppression systems in specific rooms or zones. For example, a commercial office may have sprinklers throughout the building but protect its server room with a clean agent system.

This approach enables property owners to meet code requirements while preserving sensitive equipment and minimizing downtime following an event.

Let DynaFire Help You Choose the Right System

If you’re still unsure how special hazards fire suppression and traditional sprinkler systems differ, our team at DynaFire can walk you through your options. We design and install both types of systems based on your building’s layout, code requirements, and operational needs.

As experts in fire alarm, suppression, and monitoring, we’ll help you stay protected and inspection-ready. Contact us today to schedule a system evaluation or speak with one of our fire protection professionals.